Transplant diagnostics, particularly Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) typing, plays a critical role in organ and tissue transplantation. HLA molecules, found on the surface of cells, are essential for the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self. Accurate HLA matching between donors and recipients minimizes the risk of transplant rejection and optimizes graft survival. Methods like PCR-based typing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have significantly enhanced the precision of HLA analysis, ensuring compatibility and reducing post-transplant complications.